Black hat SEO refers to practices that are unethical and violate search engine guidelines.

Keyword stuffing: If your content is filled with excessive amounts of keywords, to the point where it appears unnatural and is clearly done for the purpose of SEO, this can be considered keyword stuffing.

Hidden text and links: This involves hiding text or links on a page, either by making the text the same color as the background or using CSS to hide it from users. This is done to manipulate search engine rankings and is considered a black hat practice.

Cloaking: This involves presenting different content to users and search engines, with the intent of ranking for keywords that the actual content does not support. This is considered deceptive and is a violation of search engine guidelines.

Link schemes: This involves buying or exchanging links with other websites solely for the purpose of improving search engine rankings. This is considered a form of manipulation and is against search engine guidelines.

Duplicate content: If you have duplicate content on your website or are copying content from other websites, this is considered black hat SEO. It can result in penalties and harm your search engine rankings.

It’s important to follow ethical SEO practices to avoid penalties from search engines and to ensure the long-term success of your website. If you’re unsure whether your SEO practices are considered black hat, it’s a good idea to consult with an SEO expert or refer to the guidelines provided by search engines such as Google.